What entity appointed the 11th Panchen Lama, the second-ranked religious leader to Tibetans

Tibetan spiritual leader, recognized as the 11th Panchen Lama by the 14th Dalai Lama

11th Panchen Lama (disputed)

Gedhun Choekyi Nyima དགེ་འདུན་ཆོས་ཀྱི་ཉི་མ་
Gedhun Choekyi Nyima The 11th Panchen Lama in 1995
11th Panchen Lama (disputed)
Reign	14 May 1995–nowadays (CTA interpretation, disputed past Chinese regime proxy Gyaincain Norbu)
Predecessor	Choekyi Gyaltsen 10th Panchen Lama
Born	(1989-04-25) 25 April 1989 (age 32) Lhari County, Tibet Democratic Region, Prc
Disappeared	May 17, 1995 (aged 6) Lhari Canton, Tibet Democratic Region, China
Status	Missing for 26 years, 10 months and 20 days

Gedhun Choekyi Nyima
Tibetan name
Tibetan	དགེ་འདུན་ཆོས་ཀྱི་ཉི་མ
Transcriptions Wylie dge 'dun chos kyi nyi ma Tibetan Pinyin Gêdün Qoigyi Nyima Lhasa IPA Tibetan pronunciation: [ɡendỹ tɕʰøci ɲima]
Chinese name
Traditional Chinese	更登確吉尼瑪
Simplified Chinese	更登确吉尼玛
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Gèngdēng Quèjí Nímǎ

Gedhun Choekyi Nyima (born 25 April 1989^[one]) is the 11th Panchen Lama belonging to the Gelugpa school of Tibetan Buddhism, as recognized and announced by the 14th Dalai Lama on 14 May 1995. Three days later 17 May, the half dozen-year-old Panchen Lama was kidnapped past the Chinese regime, later on the Country Quango of the People's Republic of China failed in its efforts to install a substitute.^[two] A Chinese substitute is seen as a political tool to undermine the reincarnation of the Dalai Lama, which traditionally is recognized by the Panchen Lama.^[iii] Gedhun Choekyi Nyima remains forcibly detained by the Chinese government, along with his family unit, in an undisclosed location since 1995. His khenpo, Chadrel Rinpoche, and another Gelugpa monk, Jampa Chungla, were too arrested.^[4] The Un, with the support of numerous states, organizations, and private individuals go on to call for the 11th Panchen Lama's release.

The Panchen Lama was born in Lhari County, Tibet Autonomous Region, from where he was kidnapped under the say-so of the People'southward Commonwealth of China. He has been called the world'due south youngest political prisoner. Since his recognition as the 11th Panchen Lama, he continues to be forcibly detained, along with his family unit, past the Chinese government,^{[5] [3]} and has not been seen in public since 17 May 1995.^{[five] [3]}

In a response to growing international pressure from the Un, governments of various states, and in 2020 from 159 independent organizations from eighteen countries working with the United Nations, on 19 May 2020, the Chinese government alleged that the Panchen Lama is "now a higher graduate with a stable job", merely has not provided supporting evidence.^{[half dozen]}

The Chinese authorities continues to refuse the Panchen Lama'south and his family'due south release, or allow them to meet with observers.^[6]

Option of the 11th Panchen Lama [edit]

Four days before his death, the 10th Panchen Lama made his own will publicly to follow the tradition. On 24 January, following the opening anniversary of the Ling Pagoda, with religious figures in Tibet, Qinghai, Gansu, Sichuan and Yunnan provinces and autonomous regions, the tenth Panchen Lama held a special talk on the reincarnation of the Living Buddha, proposing that "the three candidate boys should be identified first and then investigated one past 1" and "I would similar to accept the pb past drawing lots of Gold Urn before the image of Sakyamuni."^[7]

Following the expiry of the 10th Panchen Lama in 1989, the search for an individual to exist recognised as his reincarnation by Tibetan Buddhists quickly became mired in mystery and controversy, equally Tibet had been nether the occupation and control of the anti-religious government of the Mainland china since 1959.^[eight]

3 days later the decease of the tenth Panchen Lama, the Premier of the State Council published its determination on how the 11th Panchen Lama was to be selected, claiming to have taken communication from the commission of Tashi Lhunpo Monastery and monks.^{[9] [x]}

Armed with Beijing's approval, the head of the Panchen Lama search commission, Chadrel Rinpoche, maintained private communication with the Dalai Lama in order to make it at a mutually acceptable candidate for both the Dalai Lama and Beijing authorities concerning the Panchen Lama's reincarnation.^[11] After the Dalai Lama named Gedhun Choekyi Nyima as the 11th incarnation of the Panchen Lama on 14 May 1995, Chinese authorities had Chadrel Rinpoche arrested and charged with treason^{[ citation needed ]}. According to the Tibetan Government in Exile, he was replaced by Sengchen Lobsang Gyaltsen [zh], so chosen because he was more likely to agree with the party line.^[12] Sengchen had been a political opponent of both the Dalai Lama and the 10th Panchen Lama.^[thirteen] Considering of the history of rivalry between different sects of Tibetan Buddhism, many Tibetans and scholars believe that this was a tactical move past the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) to create more unrest and disunity betwixt the typically unified Tibetan peoples.^{[14] [fifteen]}

The new search committee ignored the Dalai Lama's 14 May announcement and instead chose from a list of finalists which excluded Gedhun Choekyi Nyima. In selecting a name, lottery numbers were drawn from a Golden Urn, a process used in Tibet by the Chinese (Manchu) emperor in 1793.^[xvi] The 14th Dalai Lama stated that the Tibetan method involves using possessions of the former Lama to identify his reincarnation, as the new child incarnate will reportedly recognize his by items amid miscellaneous ones.^[17]

The BBC reported that the CCP's choice of Gyancain Norbu was rejected by most Tibetans.^[18] Alexander Norman wrote, "Today, the Panchen Lamas are famous for having two claimants to the see of Tashilhunpo: i recognised past the present Dalai Lama and taken into house arrest by the Chinese, the other recognised by Prc merely by no one else."^[xix]

Whereabouts [edit]

Since his kidnapping, the whereabouts of Gedhun Choekyi Nyima accept been unknown.^[xx] Chinese officials state that his whereabouts are kept undisclosed to protect him.^[21] Human rights organizations termed him the "youngest political prisoner in the earth".^{[22] [23]} No foreign political party has been allowed to visit him.^[24]

The United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child requested to exist told of Nyima's whereabouts on 28 May 1996. Xinhua declined, responding that Gedhun Choyki Nyima was at risk of existence "kidnapped by separatists" and that "his security had been threatened".^[25] The Commission requested a visit with Gedhun Choekyi Nyima, supported past a campaign of more than 400 celebrities and associations petitioning for the visit, including half dozen Nobel Prize winners.^{[26] [27]} According to statements past the Chinese authorities from 1998, he was then leading a normal life.^[24]

In May 2007, Asma Jahangir, Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Faith or Belief of the United nations Human being Rights Council, asked the Chinese regime what measures they had taken to implement the recommendation of the Un Committee on the Rights of the Child, that the government should allow an contained skilful to visit and confirm the well-existence of Gedhun Choekyi Nyima while respecting his right to privacy, and that of his parents. In a response dated 17 July 2007, Chinese authorities said, "Gedhun Choekyi Nyima is a perfectly ordinary Tibetan boy, in an excellent state of health, leading a normal, happy life and receiving a skillful education and cultural upbringing. He is currently in upper secondary school, he measures 165 cm [5 ft 5 in] in tiptop and is easy-going by nature. He studies hard and his school results are very good. He likes traditional Chinese culture and has recently taken upward calligraphy. His parents are both Land employees, and his brothers and sisters are either already working or at university. The allegation that he disappeared together with his parents and that his whereabouts remain unknown is simply non true." This response did not respond the question well-nigh a visit or confirmation.^[28]

In 2015, on the twentieth anniversary of Gendun Choekyi Nyima'southward disappearance, Chinese officials announced "The reincarnated kid Panchen Lama y'all mentioned is being educated, living a normal life, growing up healthily and does non wish to be disturbed."^[29]

In April 2018, the Dalai Lama declared that he knew from a "reliable source" that the Panchen Lama he had recognized, Gedhun Choekyi Nyima, was alive and receiving normal education. He said he hoped that the Communist china-appointed Panchen Lama (Gyaincain Norbu) studied well under the guidance of a good teacher. Within Tibetan Buddhist traditions, there were instances of a reincarnated lama taking more than one manifestation.^{[30] [31]} Each of those manifestations must too be recognized. As of 2020, Gedhun Choekyi Nyima has not been seen by any contained observer since his disappearance in 1995.^[32]

Meet also [edit]

• Gold Urn
• 29-Article Ordinance for the More Effective Governing of Tibet
• The Discourse of Lama
• List of people who disappeared

References [edit]

1. ^ Gedhun Choekyi Nyima – The Panchen Lama, Us Commission on International Religious Freedom
2. ^ 十年了：达赖指定的班禅今安在. Deutsche Welle (in Simplified Chinese). 生钦·洛桑坚赞说："达赖擅自宣布的'转世灵童'不具备任何入瓶掣签的条件。我们扎什伦布寺民主管理委员会班禅转世灵童寻访小组和广大僧众坚决不同意把他作为入瓶掣签候选灵童。
3. ^ ^{a b c} "Tibet's missing spiritual guide". BBC News. xvi May 2005. Retrieved 3 May 2010.
4. ^ Central Tibetan Administration, "Tibet: Suspicious Decease of Panchen Lama Search Leader", 25 November 2011, https://unpo.org/commodity/13525
5. ^ ^{a b} Gedhun Choekyi Nyima the XIth Panchen Lama turns 18: Withal disappeared The Buddhist Channel, 25 Apr 2007
6. ^ ^{a b} "China says male child picked by Dalai Lama now a college graduate". AP NEWS. xix May 2020. Retrieved 28 May 2020.
7. ^ "班禅转世纪实". 第十世班禅大师圆寂前四天，即1月24日，在主持灵塔开光典礼后的西藏、青海、甘肃、四川、云南五省区部分宗教界人士座谈会上，特别谈了活佛转世问题，提出应"先找出三个候选灵童，然后逐一进行调查"，"我想在释迦牟尼像前，采取'金瓶掣签'的办法来确定。"这些话，是大师临终前的遗愿。
8. ^ Gedhun Choekyi Nyima: the XIth Panchen Lama of Tibet Archived 24 March 2008 at the Wayback Machine
9. ^ "国务院关于第十世班禅大师治丧和转世问题的决定".
10. ^ "第十世班禅大师的圆寂和遗言".
11. ^ TCHRD: Chadrel Rinpoche's fate unknown Archived 2 June 2008 at the Wayback Auto
12. ^ Update-Communist Red china set to decide on a rival Panchen Lama Archived 25 July 2008 at the Wayback Motorcar
13. ^ Communist China set to determine on a rival Panchen Lama Archived 24 March 2008 at the Wayback Machine
14. ^ Coonan, Clifford (2 March 2010). "China appoints Panchen Lama in tactical move to quell unrest - Asia - Globe". The Independent . Retrieved 17 July 2013.
15. ^ "Propaganda and the Panchen Lama: playing politics". Weblog.savetibet.org. 25 August 2011. Archived from the original on eight March 2014. Retrieved 17 July 2013.
16. ^ Alex McKay, The History of Tibet : The Mod Menstruum, Routledge 2003, ISBN 0-415-30844-five, p. 32. Google books
17. ^ "Reincarnation | The Function of His Holiness The Dalai Lama". Dalailama.com. Retrieved 17 July 2013.
18. ^ "Tibet'south missing spiritual guide". BBC. 16 May 2005. Retrieved 15 November 2010.
19. ^ Norman, Alexander (2008). Holder of the White Lotus: The Lives of the Dalai Lama. London: Petty, Brown. p. 165. ISBN978-0-316-85988-2.
20. ^ Coonan, Clifford (2 March 2010). "Mainland china appoints Panchen Lama in tactical move to quell unrest - Asia - World". The Independent . Retrieved 25 Dec 2013.
21. ^ Xizang-zhiye 27 Apr 2005 Archived 24 Baronial 2006 at the Wayback Machine
22. ^ "World's youngest political prisoner turns 17". Washingtonpost.com. 23 April 2006. Retrieved 17 July 2013.
23. ^ Laird, Thomas (2006). The Story of Tibet: Conversations with the Dalai Lama, p 374. Grove Press, North.Y. ISBN 978-0-8021-1827-1.
24. ^ ^{a b} "Immunity International Testimony Us – Mainland china Relations before the Committee on Foreign Relations United States Senate past T. Kumar, Advancement Manager for Asia". U.s.a. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations. 11 September 2003. Retrieved 17 July 2013.
25. ^ Site of the TCHRD Archived 24 March 2008 at the Wayback Automobile
26. ^ "Appel Pour Le Plus Jeune Prisonnier Politique Du Monde". Tibet.fr. xiv May 1995. Retrieved 17 July 2013.
27. ^ "UNPO – WS on Panchen Lamas Instance". Unpo.org. 9 March 2006. Retrieved 17 July 2013.
28. ^ "China Fails to Reply to United nations Rights Skilful'south Question on Panchen Lama". 25 April 2008. Archived from the original on 7 September 2017. Retrieved 28 May 2008.
29. ^ "China says Panchen Lama 'living a normal life' xx years after disappearance". The Guardian. 6 September 2015. Retrieved 6 September 2015.
30. ^ 11th Panchen Lama alive, receiving pedagogy: Dalai Lama, The Statesman, 25 Apr 2018: "Tibetan spiritual leader Dalai Lama on Wednesday said 11th Panchen Lama Gedhun Choekyi Nyima "according to reliable source is alive and receiving normal instruction". Talking to the media at Gaggal Aerodrome in Kangra district subsequently returning from 4-twenty-four hours Delhi visit, Lama hoped that the official Panchen Lama studies well under the guidance of a good teacher. "So the Panchen Lama, which I recognised one-time back, there was no news, but so according to reliable information, he is all the same live and receiving normal education. So we volition come across", he said. He said in that location are instances in Tibetan Buddhist tradition, "where a reincarnated lama took more than one manifestation"."
31. ^ Dr. Andrea Galli, Dalai Lama and the Panchen Lama quarrel: The fashion for rapprochement with Mainland china, Modern Diplomacy, nine May 2018.
32. ^ Dalai Lama cites 'reliable source' every bit saying Panchen Lama alive, speaks well for the Chinese appointed counter, Tibetan Review, 27 April 2018  : "Post-obit the passing abroad of the 10th Panchen Lama Choekyi Gyaltsen in January 1989, Tibet's exiled spiritual leader formally proclaimed six-year-old Gedhun Choekyi Nyima built-in in Tibet equally his undisputed reincarnation on xiv May 1995. Three days after, the Chinese government took him and his family unit abroad to exist never seen or heard from again."

External links [edit]

• BBC News article – "Tibet's missing spiritual guide"

Gedhun Choekyi Nyima Panchen Lama Born: 1989 April 25
Buddhist titles
Preceded by Choekyi Gyaltsen	Reincarnation of the Panchen Lama (Government of Tibet in Exile interpretation) 1995–present	Incumbent

johnsoncrand1993.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gedhun_Choekyi_Nyima

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